This Article argues that a new legal framework is necessary to properly address this problem, and such a doctrine should incorporate principles of chaos theory. Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics dealing with complex systems, with the most well-known example of chaos theory being the butterfly effect, which posits that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can cause a tornado in Texas. Similarly, a keystroke made in the United States can debilitate an Iranian intelligence agency, and in order to address this phenomenon, legal frameworks have to modernize to account for the features that make such consequences possible in the first place.
To read the full article, go to Brooklyn Journal of International Law.