Biography
When two of the largest cyber-insurance coverage fights in history turned on a single question — whether a destructive cyberattack qualified as an act of "war" — Gary Corn was the expert called to answer it. He testified and consulted in both Mondelez International, Inc. v. Zurich American Insurance Company (2018) and Merck & Co., Inc. v. ACE American Insurance Co. (2018), the landmark NotPetya disputes that tested whether a war-exclusion clause could bar coverage for a nation-state cyber event. Few people in the country are equipped to speak with authority to that intersection of armed conflict and digital catastrophe; Corn is one of them, and courts and counsel have relied on his judgment to make the call.
That credibility is the product of more than twenty-six years practicing national security law at the highest levels of the U.S. government. A retired U.S. Army colonel, Corn spent his final five years on active duty as General Counsel to U.S. Cyber Command — the legal advisor to the four-star commander responsible for all U.S. military cyber operations. Along the way he served as Deputy Legal Counsel to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Operational Law Branch Chief in the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Army, General Counsel to U.S. Army South, a Special Assistant United States Attorney in the District of Columbia, and, on deployment, Chief of International Law for Combined Forces Command in Afghanistan. He has been a military prosecutor and a civil litigator, and he has advised the most senior attorneys at the Department of Defense, the White House, the CIA, and the Departments of State, Justice, and Homeland Security on questions of cyber law, the law of armed conflict, and the rules that govern conflict in cyberspace.
What makes Corn unusual as an expert is the rare pairing of operational command experience with deep scholarly command of the doctrine. He directs the Technology, Law & Security Program and teaches cyber and national security law and the law of armed conflict at the American University Washington College of Law, where he leads a team of national experts. His scholarship appears in the American Journal of International Law, the Texas International Law Journal, and the Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, and on Lawfare, Just Security, and the Lieber Institute's Articles of War. He has contributed chapters to several Oxford University Press volumes — including work on cyber sabotage, strategic competition, and the United States' Defend Forward strategy — and co-authored National Security Law and the Constitution (Wolters Kluwer, 2020). He is a frequent, sought-after speaker before audiences ranging from the International Committee of the Red Cross and Chatham House to MIT, Yale, and the Naval War College.
Beyond the NotPetya matters, Corn's consulting work spans the practical and the highly sensitive: advising AXA Group on catastrophic risk management and cyber-insurance exclusion language, supporting Department of Defense security-cooperation and partner-capacity programs, and advising on a classified government contract for an aerospace corporation. His standing in the field is reflected in his appointments — member of the ABA Standing Committee on Law & National Security, editorial board member of the Georgetown Journal of National Security Law and Policy, Senior Fellow at the Lieber Institute for Law & Land Warfare, and advisor to the International Code of Conduct Association, among others.
Corn holds a JD with honors from The George Washington University and a BA in International Relations from Bucknell University, along with an LLM from the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School and an MA in Strategic Studies from the Army War College, where he was a Distinguished Graduate. A graduate of the Brazilian Army's Command and General Staff College, he is fluent in Spanish and Portuguese and admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of Maryland, the United States Supreme Court, and the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. For clients facing high-stakes questions where cybersecurity, insurance, and the law of war converge, he brings the rare ability to translate the realities of cyber conflict into testimony a court can credit.
Professional Credentials
- Security Clearance: Top Secret/SCI
Practice Areas
Cyber Insurance
- Leveraged extensive experience in national security law and defense to provide nuanced legal insights and strategic guidance on complex insurance cases involving government and military sectors.
- Applied deep understanding of international law and cybersecurity in advising on insurance matters related to data breaches, cyber threats, and cross-border legal implications in a digital landscape.
- Demonstrated advanced analytical abilities and a problem-solving mindset in various senior roles, including as a Department of Defense consultant, aiding in the resolution of intricate insurance disputes involving multifaceted legal and regulatory challenges.
Cyber Warfare Consulting & Policy
- Provide strategic consulting services on cyber, intelligence, and international law for various entities within the Department of Defense.
- Conducted policy research and outreach with a team of nationally recognized leaders on strategic national and cyber security law and cyber warfare policy issues.
- Served as the legal advisor to the four-star commander and staff of the DOD's strategic command responsible for all military cyber operations.
- Advised the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and DoD senior leaders on strategic national security and operational legal and policy matters.
- Provided legal and policy advice on combatant detention matters, rule of law development, compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law.
- Served as the single point of liaison to the ICRC and other non-governmental organizations.
- Assisted the Government of Afghanistan with the development of legal institutions and policies for conducting lawful combatant detention operations.
- Developed policies and strategies at the Department of Defense focusing on the intersection of cybersecurity and human rights, particularly in the realm of digital privacy and information security.
Cyber Warfare Training
- Consulted on course content and development for an in-depth, classified training course on national security and intelligence matters, and provided instruction on cyber and information conflict for University of Maryland, Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security.
- Lead a growing team of national experts in the establishment of an innovative new Technology, Law, & Security (TLS) Program at one of the nation's top law schools.
- Provide strategic consulting services and tailored training and education on national security and cybersecurity legal and policy matters.
- Advised on legal and policy research, operations, curriculum development, and provided instruction on cyber law and policy to the US Army's premier center for interdisciplinary cyber research, advice and education.
Expert Witness Testimony & Consulting
- Testified and consulted in a cyber security property insurance breach of contract dispute arising from damages related to NotPetya, a cyber event on the grounds of a war exclusion clause. Mondelez International, Inc. vs. Zurich American Insurance Company (2018)
- Testified as an expert witness in a cyber insurance breach of contract claim for denying coverage for damages related to NotPetya cyber event on the grounds of a war exclusion clause. Merck & Co., Inc., et al. v. ACE American Ins. Co., et al. (2018)
- Provided expert consulting advice on catastrophic risk management and cyber insurance policy exclusion language for AXA Group.
- Delivered expert consulting and training support services for Department of Defense cyber-related security cooperation and foreign partner capacity building for FARO International.
- Provided expert consulting services to various Department of Defense foreign partner in a legal capacity around building cyber security programs.
- Advised on classified government contract for an aerospace corporation.
Human Rights
- Advised on human rights issues in military operations, ensuring compliance with international human rights standards and laws.
- Guided future legal professionals in understanding and applying human rights principles within national and international legal frameworks.
International Law
- Extensive engagement in international legal discourse and collaboration on cybersecurity, leveraging fluency in Spanish and Portuguese, and experience in international law, to foster global cooperation and develop strategies addressing the complexities of cybersecurity and conflict.
- Engaged with the most senior agency attorneys at the DOD, White House, CIA, Dept's of State, Justice, Homeland Security, and the FBI, as well as with Congress and foreign partners on cyber law and policy.
- Provided strategic legal and policy advice to the Judge Advocate General of the Army and senior Army leaders on the Army's worldwide operations, including on national security law and law of armed conflict.
- Provided legal and policy advice on all operational and international law matters, including law of war, rules of engagement (ROE), presidential powers, force deployments, status of forces agreements, intelligence law and oversight, information operations, counter terrorism, cyber operations, and special access programs for the Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
- Developed, planned, and executed Theater Security Cooperation legal engagement in Central and South America and engaged with senior military and national security officials for the United States Army South.
- Provided legal advice on international cyber operations, focusing on compliance with international law and bilateral agreements, thereby enhancing cross-border collaboration in combating cyber threats.
- Advised the senior U.S. commander in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom on strategic international and operational law matters.
National Security
- Offered strategic legal counsel in national security matters, incorporating international law to inform high-level decision-making in the U.S. Army and Department of Defense, showcasing an ability to navigate legal intricacies in a global context.
- Extensive experience in national security law, including cyber operations and cybersecurity, gained through senior roles in the U.S. Army and Department of Defense, showcasing adeptness in legal and policy aspects of cyber conflict and war.
- As a Senior Officer in the U.S. Army's Judge Advocate General's Corps, led complex legal operations in national security and international law, demonstrating expertise in advising on legal and policy matters critical to defense and security.
- As a Department of Defense consultant and military legal expert, guided strategic initiatives involving technology law and digital forensics, enhancing national defense capabilities through innovative legal frameworks.
Selected Books and Publications
- Corn & E. Talbot Jensen, "Attacking" Big Data: Strategic Competition, the Race for AI, and the International Law of Cyber Sabotage, in Big Data and Armed Conflict: Legal Issues Above and Below the Armed Conflict Threshold, Oxford University Press (2023).
- Corn & E. Goldman, Defend Forward and Persistent Engagement, in The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy: A Comprehensive Legal Assessment, Oxford University Press (2022).
- Corn & P. Renals, Scenarios for Defend Forward, in The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy: A Comprehensive Legal Assessment, Oxford University Press (2022).
- Corn, Covert Deception, Strategic Fraud, and the Rule of Prohibited Intervention, in The United States' Defend Forward Cyber Strategy: A Comprehensive Legal Assessment, Oxford University Press (2022).
- Corn & G. Corn, Putin's terror state and the not so new world order, Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, University of Pennsylvania (April 2022).
- Corn, Ukraine Symposium – The Law of Crowdsourced War: Democratized Supply Chains – Part I, Lieber Institute, West Point (March 2023).
- Corn, Ukraine Symposium – The Law of Crowdsourced War: Democratized Supply Chains – Part II, Lieber Institute, West Point (March 2023).
- Corn, Ukraine Symposium – The Ukraine Conflict, Smart Phones, and the LOAC of Takings, Lieber Institute, West Point (April 2022).
- Corn, Cyber Conflict: From Apathy to Action, American Bar Association (January 2023).
- Corn, The Fog of War, Civilian Resistance, and the Soft Underbelly of Unprivileged Belligerency, Lieber Institute, West Point (March 2022).
Lectures and Presentations
- Corn, AI Mistakes and Failures on the Battlefield: Operational and Legal Implications, Stockton Center for International Law, Naval War College (December 2023).
- Corn, International Law, Cyber Norms, and Military Cyber Stability, International Conference on Cyber Norms 8.0: Strategies for Cooperation and Conflict in a Turbulent International System, MIT (November 2023).
- Corn, Private Warriors – Emerging Technologies and the Democratization of Warfare, ABA 33rd Annual Review of the Field of National Security Law Conference (November 2023).
- Corn, Responses to Malicious Cyber Operations – Countermeasures, Necessity, Self-defence, Oxford Process on International Law Protections in Cyberspace, Yale (October 2023).
- Corn, Securing Nations: Practitioner Perspectives on Cyber Warfare, 11th Annual Cyber Warfare Symposium, Journal of Law & Cyber Warfare (October 2023).
- Corn, Distinction and Discrimination under International Humanitarian Law and Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Requirements, Risks, and Red Lines, DILEMA Pre-Conference Expert Meeting, Asser Institute (October 2023).
- Corn, Civilian Involvement in Cyber and Other Digital Operations—Current Trends, Expert Meeting on International Humanitarian Law and the Growing Involvement of Civilians in Cyber and Other Digital Operations during Armed Conflicts, International Committee of the Red Cross & Geneva Academy (September 2023).
- Corn, Cyber "Attack"—Towards Greater Precision, 2nd Annual Symposium on Cyber and Int'l Law—Cyber in War: Lessons from the Russia Ukraine War, Washington College of Law (June 2023).
- Corn, Cyberspace4All Project, Roundtable on Applying the Plea of Necessity to Cyber Operations, Chatham House (September 2023).
- Corn, ABA & Nonproliferation Policy Education Center, The Law of Armed Conflict & Attacks on Nuclear Power Plants (June 2023).
- Corn, Human Rights in Armed Conflict, XIIIth Seminar for Legal Advisors of the Armed Forces, Int'l Society for Military Law and the Law of War, West Point (June 2023).
- Corn, Security in an Insecure World: National Security, Technology, and the Law, ABA/Mayer Brown/Washington College of Law (May 2023).
- Corn, Applying the Procedural and Substantive Requirements of Countermeasures in Cyberspace, Cyberspace4All Project, Roundtable on Countermeasures in Cyberspace, Chatham House (May 2023).
- Corn, Defend Forward and Active Defense, Yale Cyber Leadership Forum (March 2023).
- Corn, Cyber Operations Technical Foundations Course, Army Cyber Institute, West Point (March 2023).




